Nowadays, electricity transmission and distribution networks are in an era of integrating new digital and wireless communication technologies. These new technologies are a major lever for the energy transition. This ambitious transition involves the massive development of intelligent sensors. Smarter and more communicative, smart grids allow for efficient, fine-tuned, real-time energy management, capable of predicting power outages. Optical sensors, capable of keeping pace with technological progress, are of interest because of a significant reduction in design costs, immunity to magnetic/electrical interference fields and improved technical portability.